The Next Five Centuries

Chapter 25 · Earth in 2497

Borders within the blocs

The blocs did not keep the map of 2026. Some old borders survive as lines between states or provinces; others were erased when countries joined, and a few new ones were drawn. This chapter lists each change and its date. The map of Earth follows it.

Canon means the bible already says so. By reading means the date or reason is new here.

Before the blocs

When Change Territories Becomes Basis Why
2100s–2120s Joined Ethiopia, Kenya (north of the equator), Kenya (south of the equator), Uganda (north of the equator), Uganda (south of the equator), Tanzania The East African Highlands Federation By reading East Africa's long-planned federation. The Kisumu Line splits it in the 2150s

The Mandate

The Mandate draws provinces around rivers and supply lines, not old nations. Water is its strongest lever (see Why it holds together, in The Mandate), and its Vaults forecast water and unrest province by province. Large countries stay whole; small ones are joined around a river or a coast. China is governed as one heartland.

When Change Territories Becomes Basis Why
2090s Joined North Korea, South Korea Korea Canon: The Korean Reunion The DMZ is taken down. Korea is its own state at first, then a province
2110s Joined Russia (west of the Urals), Belarus Western Russia Canon: Earth in 2497 Belarus follows Russia into custody under The Custody Treaty and is governed with it
2140s Joined China, Hong Kong, Macao China (Guangdong) By reading "One country, two systems" ends at The Act of Union
2140s Divided Russia, at the Urals Western Russia; Siberia Canon: Earth in 2497 The Act of Union divides Russia in two: Western Russia and the Siberian provinces. The line follows Russia's 2026 federal districts
2140s Joined Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan The Amu Darya By reading One river, one water authority, at the Act of Union. Kazakhstan stays whole
2140s Joined Laos, Cambodia The Mekong By reading The middle Mekong under one authority, at the Act of Union
2140s Joined Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei Malacca By reading The strait under one command from Singapore, at the Act of Union
2210s–2230s Joined Morocco, Western Sahara, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya The Maghreb By reading: The Basin Redrawing The Atlas mountains and their coast
2210s–2230s Joined Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan The Nile By reading: The Basin Redrawing The whole Nile below the highlands
2210s–2230s Joined Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad, Burkina Faso The Sahel By reading: The Basin Redrawing The Sahel Greening's province
2210s–2230s Joined Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Cabo Verde The Guinea coast By reading: The Basin Redrawing The coast from the Senegal river to Nigeria
2210s–2230s Kept Nigeria Nigeria By reading: The Basin Redrawing Too large to join another
2210s–2230s Joined Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somaliland, Somalia (north of the equator), Kenya (north of the equator), Uganda (north of the equator) The Horn By reading: The Basin Redrawing The highlands and the Blue Nile's source, run from Addis Ababa
2210s–2230s Joined Cameroon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, São Tomé and Príncipe, Gabon (north of the equator), Republic of the Congo (north of the equator), DR Congo (north of the equator) The Ubangi By reading: The Basin Redrawing The northern edge of the Congo basin

Kept whole: Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Sumatra and Java, Sri Lanka, and the corridor from Gilgit to Gwadar. Abkhazia, South Ossetia and occupied eastern Ukraine are held, not redrawn.

The Settlement

The Settlement changes borders only by consent. Old nations live on as states inside their compacts, and their borders become state lines. Very small states joined a neighbour, because a member must run its own Threshold, Chamber, courts and schools. A few old hopes of union came true.

When Change Territories Becomes Basis Why
2060s–2090s Kept Canada, The northern states, Upstate New York The Laurentian Compact By reading The Canada–US border becomes a state line
2080s Joined Australia, Tuvalu, Kiribati, Marshall Islands Australia By reading Their atolls drowned; most of their people moved to Australia
2090s Divided United Kingdom, at the Scottish border United Kingdom; Scotland By reading After The Northern Cold Shock, Scotland votes to leave. Both later join the Roman Compact
2110s Joined Belgium, Luxembourg Belgium By reading Too small to stand alone
2110s Joined Finland, Åland Finland By reading Too small to stand alone
2150s Joined Argentine Patagonia, Chilean Patagonia Patagonia By reading One refuge across the Andes, in The Austral League
2160s Joined South Africa, Lesotho, eSwatini South Africa By reading Two small kingdoms join the state around them, in The Zambezi Federation
2160s Joined Republic of the Congo (south of the equator), DR Congo (south of the equator) Congo By reading Kinshasa and Brazzaville have become one city, in The Congo Basin Commonwealth
2160s Joined Papua New Guinea, Timor-Leste, Indonesia (east of Lombok) The Wallace State By reading One state for the Wallace frontier, in The Commonwealth of Australia. The borders across New Guinea and Timor go
2160s Joined Tasmania The Austral League Canon: Politics A refuge of the Long Heat, full of newcomers, and the port for the Southern Ocean. As Australia turns north to the Wallace frontier, Tasmania votes to leave it, and Australia agrees
2200s Joined France, Monaco France By reading Too small to stand alone
2200s Joined Italy, San Marino, Vatican Italy By reading Too small to stand alone. The Vatican keeps its basilica and archives
2200s Joined Spain, Andorra Spain By reading Too small to stand alone
2200s Joined United Kingdom, Jersey, Guernsey, Isle of Man United Kingdom By reading Too small to stand alone
2200s Joined Cyprus, Northern Cyprus Cyprus By reading Both sides vote to reunite when Cyprus joins the Settlement
2210s Joined Switzerland, Liechtenstein Switzerland By reading Too small to stand alone
2210s Joined Romania, Moldova Romania By reading A reunion debated since 1991
2210s Joined Albania, Kosovo Albania By reading One deal, in The Roman Compact: Serbia lets Kosovo join Albania, and Montenegro rejoins Serbia
2210s Joined Serbia, Montenegro Serbia By reading The other half of the same deal

Everywhere else in the Settlement, the 2026 borders stay as state lines. The Falklands and South Georgia stay British, and join the Settlement with the United Kingdom.

The Parishad

The Parishad draws its states by language, as India did in 1956. When a language group asks, the parliament votes on a new line, and if the Lok Sabha splits, the Vault casts the deciding vote (see How it governs, in The Parishad). Old nations live on as states unless they merge. Polities such as The Ganga Compact are groups of states and draw no line of their own. The Indus Line is a frontier between blocs, not a border within one.

When Change Territories Becomes Basis Why
2150s Joined India, Maldives India By reading Malé drowned in The Grinding. Its people were resettled in Kerala and Lakshadweep. The Mandate disputes the atolls from Sri Lanka. This was before the Parishad; it kept the join at its founding
2170s Joined Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman Arabia By reading Heat emptied the Gulf, and too few people were left to run six states. This was before the Parishad; it kept the join at its founding
2200s Divided India, at the Bengal line India; West Bengal By reading: The Reorganisation West Bengal leaves India to join Bangladesh
2200s Joined Bangladesh, India (West Bengal) Bengal By reading: The Reorganisation Bengali speakers vote to be one state again. The line of 1947 goes
2200s Divided India, at the Punjab line India; Punjab By reading: The Reorganisation Indian Punjab leaves India to join Pakistan's Punjab
2200s Joined Pakistan (Punjab and Sindh), India (Punjab) Punjab and Sindh By reading: The Reorganisation Punjabi speakers vote to be one state again, beside Sindh. Lahore and Amritsar share a state again
2220s Divided Iraq, at the Kurdish line Iraq; Kurdistan By reading: The Reorganisation Iraq's Kurdish provinces leave
2220s Divided Iran, at the Kurdish line Iran; Kurdistan By reading: The Reorganisation Iran's Kurdish provinces leave
2220s Joined Iraq (Kurdish provinces), Iran (Kurdish provinces) Kurdistan By reading: The Reorganisation The Lok Sabha split, and the Vault cast the deciding vote. Kurds in Turkey and Syria are outside the bloc

Kept: Nepal, Bhutan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Everywhere else in the Parishad, the 2026 borders stay as state lines.

The Open Cities

In The Open Cities, borders are bought, not drawn. Cities buy, sell and merge land by vote, and money wins most votes. A league is a union of cities that owns land together; each city still governs itself.

When Change Territories Becomes Basis Why
2090s–2120s Divided United States, into five leagues The Pacific; the Southwest; Texas and the Gulf; the Middle; the Atlantic By reading The federal government defaults as the south empties, after The Laurentian Accession. The richest cities buy the state debts, and the land comes with them. Much of the south is owned, not lived in
2090s–2120s Kept Mexico Mexico By reading Mexico City's fortunes already own the north, so there is nothing left to buy
2090s–2120s Kept Alaska Alaska, held by the Pacific league Canon: Earth in 2497 Laurentia cuts it off, but the Pacific cities keep it for its ports and the Arctic route
2140s Joined Argentina (north of Patagonia), Uruguay, Paraguay The River Plate By reading One estuary, one port. Buenos Aires buys Montevideo's docks and Paraguay's river trade
2150s Joined Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama The Isthmus Canon: Earth in 2497 The Open Cities hold the Panama Canal. The canal city buys its neighbours with toll money
2150s Joined Cuba, Bahamas, Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands, Anguilla, St-Martin, Sint Maarten, St-Barthélemy, St Kitts and Nevis, Antigua and Barbuda, Montserrat, Guadeloupe and Martinique, Dominica, Saint Lucia, St Vincent, Barbados, Grenada, Trinidad and Tobago, Aruba, Curaçao, Caribbean Netherlands, Turks and Caicos, Bermuda The Antilles By reading Europe sells its islands as the sea rises and insurers leave. The cities buy them, and the rest, as one market
2160s Joined Colombia The Cordillera Republic Canon: Cities Bogotá's money buys into the Andean lithium cities, and they make it their capital
2170s Joined Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana The Guiana Coast By reading France sells French Guiana, the Kourou launch site with it, and the three coasts are bought as one
2230s Divided Brazil, at the Amazon line Brazil; Brazil's Amazon Canon: Earth in 2497 The forest leaves Brazil. São Paulo and the south stay plain Open Cities
2230s Divided Peru, at the Amazon line Peru; Peru's Amazon Canon: Earth in 2497 The forest leaves Peru and the Cordillera
2230s Divided Colombia, at the Amazon line Colombia; Colombia's Amazon Canon: Earth in 2497 The forest leaves Colombia and the Cordillera
2230s Joined Brazil (Amazon), Peru (Amazon), Colombia (Amazon) The Amazonian Stewardship Canon: Earth in 2497 The register's "Brazilian, Peruvian and Colombian Amazon". Drawdown crews finish the forest, and the carbon markets buy it whole

The five leagues: the Pacific (Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Idaho, Hawaii, and Alaska); the Southwest (Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, Montana, Wyoming); Texas and the Gulf (Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama); the Middle (Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, Missouri, Iowa and the Plains states); the Atlantic (New York City, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and south to Florida and Tennessee).

Kept: Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia and Chile north of Patagonia. St Pierre and Miquelon stays French, in the Settlement. Until they are sold, Europe's islands and French Guiana stay with their European owners. The Dutch islands are in the Settlement by then; Britain and France have not yet joined it. Everywhere else in the Open Cities, the 2026 borders stay.